This paper proposes a new framework to analyze the behavior of quot;public advocatesquot;, defined as professionals who seek to influence public policy on behalf of the public interest. Using the framework, it describes systemic pressures that lead public advocates to overuse adversarial,...

A timely apology can interrupt dangerous cycles of revenge-seeking and increase the level of trust between opposing groups, yet the effective use of apology by leaders in group conflicts is extremely rare. This article explores why this is so. It suggests that an effective apology requires a...