We have obtained one unified pricing formula for outside barrier options in a Black Scholes environment. This formula is applicable for all eight types of outside barrier options. To find the value of a particular outside barrier option, we need only to specify three binary operators: up or down...

A correlation digital option exhibits a payoff in one asset if another, possibly correlated, asset exceeds a prespecified strike price. This article offers an analysis of correlation digital options, including an analytic solution for European style contracts

Product design has increasingly been recognized as an important source of competitive advantage. This paper empirically estimates the impact of effective design on the market value of the firm. We use a firm's receipt of a product design award as a proxy for its design effectiveness. Based on...

"For decades, science and technology (sci-tech) have influenced world trade, world economy, and international finance. However, their specific impacts are seldom known and related empirical studies are rare. Thus, we must quantify and empirically explore how sci-tech influences such areas as...