unemployment episodes dataset, we find that individuals who finish their spell with a grant have a significantly lower probability … of returning to unemployment. The policy is particularly effective for individuals who would have otherwise had labor … ameliorating unemployment. However, the policy was not effective for longer unemployed individuals. At the firm level, we find …

only the end of unemployment for the new entrepreneur but also some further positive effects, e.g., direct job creation … heterogeneous. -- Start-up subsidies ; self-employment ; unemployment ; direct employment effects ; survival …

, namely their unemployment, likely prompted their decision. In contrast to this, business founders who have been previously … unemployment. -- Entrepreneurship ; push and pull motives ; survival and failure ; job creation …

Turning unemployment into self-employment has become an increasingly important part of active labor market policies …

Turning unemployment into self-employment has become an increasingly important part of active labor market policies …

, namely their unemployment, likely prompted their decision. In contrast to this, business founders who have been previously … unemployment. -- Entrepreneurship ; push and pull motives ; survival and failure ; job creation …