We study shareholder support for corporate board nominees before and after the 2018 California gender quota. Pre-quota, new female nominees received greater support than new male nominees, consistent with women being held to a higher standard. Post-quota, as the number of women increased,...

The Norwegian Gender Balance Law (GBL) was proposed in June 14th 2003, made into a law on December 9th 2005, and implemented from January 1st 2006 with a two-year grace period. The law mandates at least 40% board representation for both gender in PLC companies. The government gave two main...

Using data across European corporate boards, we investigate the effects of quota-induced female representation on firm value and operations, under minimal identification assumptions. We consider sharp increases in the share of women on boards that arise due to rounding whenever percentage-based...

In Germany, an intensive public debate about increasing female participation in leadership positions started in 2009 and proceeded until the beginning of 2015, when the German parliament enacted a board gender quota. In that period, the share of women on supervisory boards for 111 German...

This article explores whether the progress of women onto boards in Australia continues to be ‘glacial’ and studies the cultural and structural determinants contributing to the undoubtedly slow progress. The representation of women on boards should broadly reflect their workforce...

This paper examines the gender diversity in corporate boardrooms in Asia and the Pacific and how the diversity affects corporate performance. We find that boardroom gender diversity is low in Asia with 7.5% female representation on average in 2012, but showing a 1.8% improvement in 2013. The...

We analyze if the empirical research on the consequences of a board's gender diversity is affected by a specific measurement bias in Tobin's Q: the value bias in corporate debt (VBCD). Book values of corporate debt are a more downward biased proxy of the market values of debt if increased...

This study examines whether and how female board directors may affect stock market liquidity. The empirical analysis is drawn on a sample of 81 firms listed on the SBF 120 between 2002 and 2012. The paper considers several measures of liquidity and gender diversity. To assess the quality of...

In the wake of the 2008 economic financial crisis, several corporate governance issues have became more relevant in the daily corporate life, among them Gender Diversity. Institutional investors, due to the critical environment began to scrupulously analyze the companies, in which they invest,...