This book details the difference between the two rating industries, but this difference is converging all the time. The concept of investing in a more responsible and sustainable manner is drawing in some of the world’s leading investors and, with it, regulations and policies are developing at...

This short note explores the formal introduction of the leading credit rating agencies into the field of sustainable finance and all that comes with that moniker. In 2016, the leading agencies announced their plans to incorporate ‘Environmental, Social, and Governance' concerns into their...

Recently, the European Securities and Markets Authority has aimed to reinvigorate its efforts to enforce the increase in competition within the credit rating industry. The Supervisory Provisions aim to explain, in precise detail, the rules and regulations for ‘Sectoral Competent Authorities'...

This article is concerned with assessing just one element of how the Big Three Rating Agencies – Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch – have been able to remain profitable despite their dreadful performance in the lead-up (and arguably since) the recent Financial Crisis; the article argues...

Recently, the leading Credit Rating Agencies vowed to embrace the initiative developed by the ‘Principles for Responsible Investment' organisation to incorporate environmental, social, and governance factors into their ratings in a ‘more systemic way'. In this short note, the focus will be...