This study examines cash savings from net equity issues, net debt issues and internally generated cash flows. We … observe that savings rates depend on the level of cash flows. For negative cash flows, savings rates are very low from cash … flows and higher from net equity and net debt issues. For higher levels of cash flows, savings rates from cash flows …

lifetime tax benefits of retirement savings and allow an “apples to apples” comparison with tax expenditures such as current … flow method does not measure the actual benefits of retirement savings contributions. As a result, the paper recommends … that estimates for retirement savings be prepared on a present-value basis, which would help policymakers understand the …

Using a series of laboratory experiments, this paper studies the effect of tax misperceptions on retirement savings and … examines whether informational tax nudges and changing the form of the tax subsidy promote tax-efficient savings behavior. We … tax deductibility of retirement savings with matching contributions increases tax-efficiency without the need to provide …