In this paper, we propose two classes of test statistics for detecting a break at an unknown date in panel data models with time trend. The first one is the fluctuation test of Ploberger-Kramer-Kontrus (1989). The second one is based on the mean and exponential Wald statistics of Andrew and...

How do firms' partnering strategies impact the size of their partner-based retail networks? We draw on agency theory to address this question in the context of franchising. Our econometric analyses, (based on nine years of longitudinal balanced panel data), include assessment of data...