Today’s online economy relies on exchanges of data for services. Online service providers collect personal data to earn revenue from targeted advertising. Many users of online services are concerned that their data might be used in ways contrary to their interests, interfering with their...

We compare the private and social incentives for privacy when sellers can commit to transparent privacy policies that are understood by consumers. The purpose is to establish a baseline for how well markets perform when firms' privacy policies are common knowledge. In this setting, if the market...

Why do BigTech platforms introduce payment services? Digital platforms often run business models where activities on the platform generate data that can be monetized off the platform. There is a trade-off between the value of such data and the privacy concerns of users, since platforms need to...

Digital platforms, such as social media and video streaming sites, often collect large amounts of personal data from their users. In recent years, most platforms also start offering payment services, such as Apple Pay, Amazon Pay, and WeChat Pay. In this paper, we characterize conditions under...

One of the most notable developments in financial markets over the last 50 years is the growth of digital technology—a trend often referred to as “fintech.” This chapter examines fintech through the lens of consumer financial privacy, focusing on the implications of artificial intelligence...

We present a model of a market failure based on a requirement provision by digital platforms in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using traditional antitrust methodology....

We discuss how the acquisition of private information by default without compensation by digital platforms such as Google and Facebook creates a market failure and can be grounds for antitrust enforcement. To avoid the market failure, the default in the collection of personal information has to...

The digitisation of existing business models and the new way of doing business of digital platforms pose new challenges both to the performance of companies in the market and to the lives of consumers and users. The dominant digital companies are all American (Google, Facebook, Amazon, and...

Dominant digital platforms such as Google and Facebook collect personal information of users by default precipitating a market failure in the market for personal information. We establish the economic harms from the market failure. We discuss conditions for eliminating the market failure and...