Since early 2006, Russia has been attempting to change the rules on the international energy market to suit its own …, as its dependence on imports of raw materials is increasing. Russia believes to be able to choose between serving the … its strategic energy partnership with Russia, but also to diversify the existing import structures. …

the European Union, respectively: Ideally, sanctions should impose considerable economic costs on Russia and contribute to … options are discussed, namely an embargo on Russian exports of fossil fuels and an import tariff. If European policymakers … want to consider the option of a gas import tariff on Russian exports, the pros and cons of such a policy option clearly …