This paper investigates the role that two key methodological choices play in the construction of textual indicators: the selection of local versus foreign newspapers and the breadth of the press coverage (i.e. the number of newspapers considered). The large literature in this field is almost...

Spanish Abstract: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferentes estrategias de internacionalización empleadas por China desde el inicio de su proceso de liberalización económica hasta la actualidad, en un contexto en el que su modelo de crecimiento se encuentra inmerso en un proceso...

RationaleEach year, the Banco de España identifies a list of third countries (i.e. those outside the European Economic Area) to which Spanish credit institutions have relevant exposures. To that end, it is important to analyse the Spanish economy’s exposure to these material third countries...

Economic theory suggests including domestic trade flows when estimating structural gravity models. The inclusion of domestic trade flows helps to identify parameters that cannot be estimated with international trade flows alone. The complication is that domestic trade flows can be measured...