The republican era and the emergence of communist leadership during the anti-Japanese war of resistance -- The ascent of the vigilante militia : the violent antecedents of Mao's war communism -- The onset of collectivization and popular dissatisfaction with Mao's "yellow bomb" road -- The...

What impact do famines have on survivors? We use individual-level data on a population exposed to severe famine conditions during infancy to document two opposing effects. The first: exposure to insufficient food and a worsened disease environment is associated with poor health into adulthood -...

Understanding mortality crises is an important part of understanding some fundamental aspects of preindustrial economies. Understanding the processes leading to their decline and the associated improvements in living standards and life expectancy is a precondition for knowing what is needed to...