As the strategic economic partner of the Southern Mediterranean (MEDA) region, the European Union (EU) seeks to promote effective mechanisms of development through increased industrial cooperation in order to create a Euro-Mediterranean area of shared prosperity. The first Euro-Mediterranean...

Arbitration, though not totally devoid of some inherent legal issues, has come to be recognized as more effective than litigation. The reason for this development could be attributed among other things, to the craving need to get speedy and substantial justice without being hampered by the legal...

The UK has made major contributions to the development of investor-state dispute settlement from 1920-2020. This essay shows that the UK contributed in three ways (1) law-making, both before and after the launch of its investment treaty programme in the early 1970s; (2) dispute settlement –...

Since May 2016, the United States of America has been vetoing the selection of the members of the WTO Appellate Body, alleging procedural and substantive criticisms on the activity of the Standing Tribunal. Consequently, at midnight of 10 December 2019 the World Trade Court ceased to be...

In 2016 and 2017, states continued their engagement with international investment law. A small minority of states displayed scepticism or tried to disengage themselves from their investment law obligations. This chapter addresses select institutional developments in international investment law...

This article reflects on the suitability of including non-legal arbitrators in certain investment arbitrations. It presents different mechanisms that have been used in the investment arbitration context to aid legal arbitrators with scientific-technical issues and contemplates the drawbacks of...