There is considerable debate about the role private litigation should play in the enforcement of antitrust law. This article focuses on one particular private enforcement mechanism – damages actions – and assesses whether and how much such actions have contributed to deterring antitrust...

This article assesses the role of private antitrust litigation in Japan through an empirical analysis. Based on data concerning actions for damages and injunctive relief in the post-war era, the article gauges how much private antitrust litigation has contributed to the deterrence of antitrust...

In most cases, mergers that raise competition problems are not prohibited but approved on condition that the parties remove the anti-competitive effects through remedies. This contribution examines the European Commission's merger remedies practice

This case note analyses and comments on the European Commission's decision to approve the acquisition of Omnova by Synthomer. Both companies are major producers of so-called specialty chemicals.The Commission cleared the acquisition in Phase I, after the parties offered remedies to address the...

In May 2020, the General Court rendered its long-awaited judgment in the UK mobile merger case. At issue in this case was whether the Commission lawfully prohibited the acquisition by Hutchison of O2 (Telefónica UK) back in 2016. That deal would have reduced the number of mobile network...

This article gives an overview of competition law in Japan, with a particular focus on recent cases and developments. It touches upon most major aspects of competition law in Japan, including its substantive rules, enforcement mechanisms and historical background. The article also discusses the...

This article summarizes and comments on Yamato v. Japan Post, one of Japan's leading cases on predatory pricing. The case clarified the test to assess whether prices are predatory. When Japan Post introduced a new price scheme for parcel deliveries, Yamato alleged the new prices were predatory...

Since the Belgian and Dutch legal systems are relatively similar, one would expect similar levels of antitrust litigation. The data gathered for this article shows this is not the case. In both countries, claimants and defendants alike regularly invoke antitrust law to obtain injunctive relief...

The note summarizes and comments on the European Commission's decision to approve Google's acquisition of Fitbit, a maker of fitness trackers and smartwatches. The Commission approved the deal in December 2020, but made long-lasting behavioural remedies binding on Google. The case constitutes...

Remedies are central to understanding EU merger control. They come in many variations - from massive divestitures paving the way for deals such as Bayer / Monsanto to intricate interoperability remedies in cases such as Google / Fitbit - but they all share the same goal: ensuring that mergers do...