African Americans have experienced many aspects of discrimination. Because African Americans have lacked certain protections, they have experienced grave difficulty in obtaining employment. In this comment, the author focuses on historical and recent developments in society’s attempt to...

Religion is the most paradox, intriguing and social active factor in the world history since the beginning of human society and till the end of it, no matter how evolved or primitive its precepts ever were. For that reason Religion was always a subject for endless study in different perspectives...

Climate disaster events are expected to displace at least 1.2 billion people by 2050. However, “climate refugees,” or individuals displaced in the context of disasters and climate change, lack international legal recognition and protection. In 2020, an international tribunal acknowledged in...

Climate resilient communities can be achieved with the support of global research, development, deployment, and diffusion of environmentally sound low GHG emission technologies and processes. Technology cooperation should lower emissions remaining mindful of biodiversity, ecosystem services and...

Australia has seen large rises in living standards over the last decades across the whole of the income distribution. Technological change and international trade have contributed to this success, but have also brought structural change. Some industries have declined, while others flourished....

Recent studies based on 20th century US data conclude that abortion access raises children's average socioeconomic outcomes. We generalize a model of fertility, highlighting assumptions under which these abortion predictions can be reversed. Using 19th century abortion restrictions, we...

The World Economic Forum recognizes that while restrictions on energy affect water systems and vise versa, energy and water policy are rarely coordinated. The International Panel on Climate Change predicts that wet places will become wetter and dry places will become dryer. Transboundary water,...

John Rawls has made an authorative contribution to contemporary political philosophy by enlightning the interactions between Justice, Law, Citizenship, Government by consent and, fundamentaly, the accountability required to rulers and governments. As a liberal John Rawls stress that in a...

The American economics profession has a tortured relationship with the study of issues relatingto Black Americans. This paper traces that history beginning with the overt racism in the periodup to about 1910. During this time, W. E. B. Du Bois' attempts to gain acceptance from theAmerican...

We present the first modern economic and statistical analysis of historical deaf populations in the United States. We also provide the first 19th century annual deaf population estimates for the US. Unlike many subpopulations, deaf persons are uniquely characterized by a feature of their human...