Despite 33 years of equal pay legislation, the gender pay gap remains stubbornly high. Multiple equal pay claims in the public sector have forcefully exposed the weaknesses, both of the Equal Pay Act and of the complaints-led model of enforcement on which it is based. This article argues that...

One of the key insights of substantive equality is the recognition that it is not color, gender or some other group characteristic per se which is at issue, but the attendant disadvantage. This focus on disadvantage means that, for substantive equality to be effective, it should include a...

This article argues that in developing social rights to counterbalance economic freedoms, the EU has begun to reformulate traditional notions of rights. Instead of creating rights in their traditional individualized, negative, judicially enforceable, and fault-based form, a new proactive model...