In the modern era, China’s rural credit landscape is transforming at a dizzying rate, but, in terms of financial development, these changes represent a second attempt in the past 100 years to reform China’s credit institutions and provide credit access to farmers. The first period was during...

In this study we investigated informal transactions amongst Chinese farmers through the lens of social interactions. Along these lines we developed a theoretical model to investigate kindness and the conditions under which a fairness equilibrium in informal credit markets might operate. We use...

This study investigates intelligent manufacturing and its effect on remanufacturing decisions of a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain. We consider that intelligent manufacturing can reduce the cost of the new product by improving production efficiency, which creates the manufacturing benefit....