Using UNESCO-UIS data, this paper estimates the costs of internal inefficiency caused by dropouts and repetitions in primary education. Multiple imputation method is found essential to accurately estimate the costs of internal inefficiency. Globally, 8.1% of total public expenditure for primary...

Given fiscal constraints, how did colonial states allocate coercion within their territories? This paper proposes a new explanation for variation in colonial coercion: the extent of pre-colonial state consolidation. When the pre-colonial state achieved control over local society via capture of...

Why do states expand their involvement in education, when it can be cheaply provided through societal organizations, and when building a new education system involves large fiscal costs? I address this puzzle in the context of colonial states with significant fiscal constraints. I argue that two...

This paper examines differences in employment rates between persons with and without disabilities in 15 developing countries using the World Health Survey. We find that people with disabilities have lower employment rates than persons without disabilities in nine countries. Across countries,...

The paper aims to reduce the global knowledge gap pertaining to the impact of disability on school attendance, using cross-nationally comparable and nationally representative data from 18 surveys in 15 countries that are selected among 2,500 surveys and censuses. These selected surveys...

Although disability prevalence is higher in low and middle-income countries, very little is known about disability and labor market experiences in this context. This is largely due to a lack of quality data on disability. This paper is the first to analyze employment rates and their determinants...