We examine the existing fiscal policy paradigm in commodity-exporting countries. First, we argue that its centerpiece-the permanent income hypothesis (PIH)-is not consistent with either intergenerational equity or long-term sustainability in the presence of uncertainty. Policies to achieve these...

We examine the existing fiscal policy paradigm in commodity-exporting countries. First,we argue that its centerpiece-the permanent income hypothesis (PIH)-is not consistentwith either intergenerational equity or long-term sustainability in the presence ofuncertainty. Policies to achieve these...

Nearly all countries in the Middle East and Central Asia have pledged to contain greenhouse gas emissions as part of the Paris Agreement. The purpose of this paper is to identify the menu of fiscal policy options which would allow the region to fulfil its emissions reduction commitment....

The Gulf Cooperation Council region faced a significant economic toll from the COVID-19 pandemic and oil price shocks in 2020. Policymakers responded to the pandemic with decisive and broad measures to support households and businesses and mitigate the long-term impact on the economy. Financial...

Coal mining has gradually extended deep, and coal dust disasters occur frequently under the condition of deep mining, which makes prevention and control difficult. The dust removal mechanism and technology are still one of the difficulties and emphases in the basic research of scientific and...