This paper explores whether the impact of economic uncertainty on credit growth differs for Islamic vs. conventional banks. Using a sample of 416 banks (58 Islamic and 358 conventional) in 12 countries, the findings indicate that an increase in economic uncertainty significantly decreases the...

The Great Recession of 2007-2009 piqued the interest of policymakers worldwide, prompting various initiatives to stabilize the financial system and advance financial inclusion. However, few studies have considered their interconnectedness or whether any synergies or trade-offs exist between...

This paper explores how banks’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities affect their lending during financial crises. We use a sample of 83 listed banks from 20 European countries for the 2002-2020 period and consider the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 and the European...