Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years. This is mainly due to the ongoing trend … government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained … issue of a Central Bank Digital Currency as a substitute or complement to cash. Although the characteristics of a possible …

(CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash …The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even …

remarks on the importance of money for the economy in general, special attention is paid to the unique characteristics of cash …In this paper, we focus on the stabilizing role of cash from a society-wide perspective. Starting with conceptual … cash can help to avoid such a situation. We find interesting similarities to both crises in two separate case studies, one …

We analyze the repercussions of different kinds of uncertainty on cash demand, including uncertainty of the digital … classification scheme how cash holdings typically evolve in each of these types of uncertainty by separating between demand for … domestic and international cash as well as between transaction and store of value balances. Hereby, we focus on the stabilizing …

We estimate the demand for transaction and non-transaction cash balances in Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Norway … over the last decades using the seasonal method. These countries share many features that are relevant for cash demand, but … nevertheless show large differences in terms of aggregate cash balances. While Canada, Iceland and Denmark have seen increased …

, natural disasters) and their effects on the demand for cash in an international context. It becomes evident that over the past … 30 years cash demand always increased in times of crises, independent of the nature of the crisis itself.However, the …

Despite the increasing use of cashless payment instruments, the notion that cash loses importance over time can be … unambiguously refuted. In contrast, the authors show that cash demand increased steeply over the past 30 years. This is not only … is evident that cash demand always increases in times of crises, independent of the nature of the crisis itself. However …

central bank and retail banks, may thus observe a decline in the demand for their payments systems, i.e. cash and deposits … until it wins. By introducing an interest-bearing central bank digital currency (CBDC), the central bank is able to provide … a payment system which is superior to cryptocurrencies. Miners cannot match the CBDC rate and go bankrupt. Retail banks …

rise of cryptoassets and a decline in the use of cash, should digital payments be left entirely to the private sector or …