Previous research on IPOs has identified several factors or issue characteristics that play a role in the level of short term underpricing of initial public offerings. Some of those issue features are the firm size, market trend, size of the offer, investment banker reputation, method of...

Although London appeared as the first international financial center on the world, the number of these kind of centers show a notable increase in the recent years. Those centers are regarded as magnetic places for the economic issues and they also serve as important economic centers. In the...