than it was in 1989. Last, the rate of self-employment has been falling gently in ISSP data; even so three to four times as … satisfied than are employees, one consistent interpretation of the above is that the barriers to self-employment have grown in …

This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

between the three core labor force states, employment, unemployment, and inactivity. The dynamics of these transitions depend … rate from unemployment to employment. …The aggregate average unemployment rate in a given country is essentially the result of individual workers' transitions …

by comparing their individual characteristics and past (un)employment and job histories. Since the BHPS does not directly … employment histories. …

. persistence), and exits to unemployment ("no pay-low pay cycle"). The results show shorter spell durations in Austria, pointing to … integration of jobless people into employment? There is evidence for a "low-wage trap" and for a high risk of low-wage earners to … to this debate analysing employment spells of male low-wage earners who had been unemployed before, with methods of …

. persistence), and exits to unemployment ('no pay-low pay cycle'). The results show shorter spell durations in Austria, pointing to … integration of jobless people into employment? There is evidence for a 'low-wage trap' and for a high risk of low-wage earners to … to this debate analysing employment spells of male low-wage earners who had been unemployed before, with methods of …