charters from episodes of financial distress, and they also have an incentive to increase risk to exploit the cost … relationship to size requires untangling cost and profit from decisions about risk versus expected return because both cost and … higher levels of risk-taking. Studies of commercial banking cost that ignore endogenous risk-taking find little evidence of …

studies were of moderate to high quality. Spontaneous vaginal delivery cost patients and health systems between USD 6-52 and … maternal hemorrhage they range between USD 65-196 and USD 30-127, respectively. Patient cost for caring low-birth weight babies … ranges between USD 38-489 while the health system cost was estimated to be USD 514. Conclusion: This is the first systematic …