sources of institutional trajectories of economic development in China, Japan, and Korea. It stylizes the Malthusian-phase of … states of Qing China, Tokugawa Japan, and Yi Korea by focusing on the way in which agricultural taxes were enforced. It also …

to Brazil, China, Japan, and the U.S.. The period under study is 1980 to 2001 and we distinguish in our analysis between …

the US, Japan and the major European countries in order to estimate the effect of energy prices on energy … significantly positively correlated with innovation in both Japan and the EU. A tentative interpretation might be that a rise in …. Furthermore, the tax ratio, which has consistently risen in Japan and especially the EU, could be seen as an indicator for …

accountability of the ECB with some other central banks (Bank of Canada, Bank of Japan, Bank of England and the Federal Reserve … Japan, Bank of England und Federal Reserve System). Im zweiten Teil stellen wir eine Theorie über die Rechenschaftspflicht …

large economies, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, France and Japan. The empirical results show that although the pure NGARCH …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 …

experience of Japan. Exchange rate appreciation, or the threat of it, causes macroeconomic distress without having any …