In 1611 the young Gustav Adolf Vasa ascended the throne of Sweden as Gustav II Adolf. Along with the throne, the king inherited a disastrous war with Denmark, which he ended by signing the onerous Peace of Knäred. The terms included the obligation for Sweden to pay a one million rixdaler...

Kapitalismus sieht sich seit je her drei moralisch artikulierten Vorwürfen ausgesetzt: Er führe (a) zur Verelendung der Arbeiter, (b) zur Zerstörung der Umwelt und (c) zum Verfall der Sitten. Zieht man empirisch Bilanz, sind nicht alle dieser Vorwürfe berechtigt, ganz im Gegenteil: (a) Im...

Praktiken des Vergleichens und Bewertens von Staaten mittels Zahlen haben eine lange Geschichte. Seit der Frühen Neuzeit erlebten sie einen Aufschwung infolge fiskal-militärischer Rivalität zwischen größeren und kleineren Mächten innerhalb wie außerhalb Europas. Im Laufe des langen 19....

Understanding the degree and evolution of competition across industries is an important step towards understanding the impact of economic reform and competition on economic growth in Vietnam during the economic transition. In this paper, the author investigates the evolution of competition in...

The paper addresses the relevancy of networking activities and R&D as main drivers of productivity performance and ouput innovation, for small and medium enterprises (SME) playing in a local economic system. Given the intangible nature of many techno organisational innovation and networking...

Several theoretical explanations for the presence of soft budget constraints have recently been put forward in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test these theories on the causes of soft budget constraints. We therefore use a panel data set, consisting of company...

We analyze how a manufacturer with a brand-name drug close to patent expiration decides to launch a product-line extension (an upgrade through innovation) before it faces generic competition. There are two types of physicians: loyal physicians always prescribe first the product-line extension...

We show that, in the case when innovations are for sale, increased product market competition, captured by reduced product market profits, can increase the incentives for innovations. The reason is that the incentive to innovate depends on the acquisition price which, in turn, might increase...

Theories of taste-based discrimination predict that competitive pressures will drive discriminatory behavior out of the market. Using detailed matched employer-employee data, we analyze how firm takeovers and product market competition are related to the gender composition of the firm's...