Empirical research on the determinants of international migration including the LDCs has so far neglected one important issue: the complex relationship of development and migration. Since the beginning of the 1990s several arguments have been discussed which hint at the possibility that progress...

Since the mid-1980s a substantial body of research has taken shape on trade in services. Much of this is inspired by the WTO or regional trade agreements, especially the EU. However, an increasing number of papers focus on the impacts of unilateral services sector liberalization. The literature...

Europe's industrial base needs to undergo a swift and persistent transformation towards carbon neutrality and circularity, but this transition must happen in a fair and socially just manner. In this working paper, we evaluate the support mechanisms for heavy industry which have been put in place...

The previous literature provides a highly ambiguous picture on the impact of trade and investment agreements on FDI. Most empirical studies ignore the actual content of BITs and RTAs, treating them as black boxes, despite the diversity of investment provisions constituting the essence of these...

We focus on investor-state dispute settlement provisions contained in various, though far from all, bilateral investment treaties as a possible determinant of BIT-related effects on bilateral FDI flows. Our estimation results prove to be sensitive to the specification of these provisions as well...

The previous literature provides a highly ambiguous picture on the impact of trade and investment agreements on FDI. Most empirical studies ignore the actual content of BITs and RTAs, treating them as 'black boxes', despite the diversity of investment provisions constituting the essence of these...

Die energiebedingten CO2-Emissionen in Deutschland entwickelten sich im vergangenen Jahr etwa parallel zum Primärenergieverbrauch; im Vergleich zum Jahr 2000 waren sie um 1,6 % höher. Maßgeblich für diesen Anstieg war die wesentlich kühlere Witterung; ohne den Temperatureinfluss errechnet...

Die globale Erwärmung und die daraus resultierenden ökonomischen und sozialen Konsequenzen sind eng verbunden mit dem Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen. Dem Kyoto-Protokoll nach ist die Europäische Union verpflichtet, die Emissionen dieser Gase bis zum Zeitraum 2008/2012 um 8% gegenüber 1990 zu...