European monetary integration was one element in the process of financial market integration but by far not the only one. The paper traces the development of financial markets and systems in Europe from the beginnings of the euromarkets in the 1950s over early exchange rate arrangements and the...

In our days, German machine tool makers accuse their Chinese competitors of violating patent rights and illegally imitating German technology. A century ago, however, German machine tool makers used exactly the same methods to imitate American technology. To understand the dynamics of this...

Zahlungs- und Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit stellen finanzwirtschaftliche Existenzbedingungen dar, deren Einhaltung in Bankenkrisen gefährdet ist. Das war nicht anders in den Bankenkri-sen der National Banking-Ära der USA. Fraglich ist, ob mit der Einführung des Federal Re-serve Systems eine...

This paper reviews the German miners' model of mutual insurance from its introduction in 1854 to its basic reformation in 1923. Its core feature was the provision of cash benefits for compensation of income losses due to temporary sickness and permanent invalidity or death of the bread-winner....

Was the 18th century a time period of gradual market integration? Or did the wars, famines, and criminality drive central European markets away from each other? We perform cointegration tests between four German and three Polish cities for rye markets in the 18th century, plus selected tests...

Schon bei der Durchsetzung der ersten reichsweiten Tarifverträge im Buchdruckgewerbe ab 1873 deutete sich an, dass örtlich geschlossene Tarifverträge gegeneinander ausgespielt werden konnten und einer regionalen Ausweitung bedurften. Es zeigte sich aber auch, dass die Stabilität eines...

This paper proposes to exploit a reform in legal rules of corporate governance to identify contractual incentives from the correlation of executive pay and firm performance. In particular, we refer to a major shift in the legal and institutional environment, the reform of the German joint-stock...

In this paper, we evaluate the impact of cartelisation and managerial incentives on the productive efficiency of German coal mining corporations. We focus on coal mining in the Ruhr district, Germany's main mining area. We use stochastic frontier analysis and an unbalanced dynamic panel data set...

The German government introduced compulsory accident insurance for industrial firms in 1884. This insurance scheme was one of the main pillars of Bismarck's famous social insurance system. The accident-insurance system achieved only one of its intended goals: it successfully compensated workers...

Nordic historians have asserted for a long time that in the Nordic countries only few people, if any, perceived increased threats of war prior to the World War II outbreak. This would explain, and possibly excuse, why their governments did not mobilize their armies until it was too late. This...