' GDP, and negative relationship between trade and distance. This pattern has been consistently preserved over recent …

macroeconomic data set detecting the significant variables. We found that besides the GDP of importer and distance, there are more … distance). The detailed accounting for transport costs requires consideration of different transport modes and ratios of value … to weight. Distance suppresses trade of cheap goods most, suggesting that Austria has no disadvantage in export of high …

spatial effect. The standard procedure until now was to account the transport cost using geographical distance as a proxy, and … the spatial effect trough a weighted matrix constructed on inverse distance. Two issues follow from this standard … procedure: the first regards the biasness of the distance if used as a proxy of the transport costs, the second is related to …