After almost four decades of price stability, inflation has recently approached historical highs. Initially driven by … global energy and food price increases, the magnitude of the surge in inflation caught central banks and markets by surprise … monetary policy tightening, inflation upside risks are large. How can central banks restore control - and with it their own …

commiting to keep interest rates low at the exit of the liquidity trap, to stabilize inflation today. 2. From debt … consolidated budget) monetary policy becomes subservient to fiscal policy, giving rise to more volatile inflation, output and … interest rates. Liquidity trap (LT) episodes are longer, however, the impact of interest rate policy commitments on inflation …

Monetary developments of recent decades began with much promise with inflation targeting by independent central banks …