expectations concerning locking date. Then, the locking dates and rates are filtered from historical exchange rates, currency …

in off-shore markets. Trade is an important factor in establishing a currency as an international currency, notably by … fulfilling the transaction/medium of exchange and unit of account motives of currency demand. A well prepared liberalization of … currency use for international trade and foreign direct investment transactions can even be helpful in achieving the …

-2003, attempting to understand motives for issuing in foreign currency, and determinants for the choice of currency. We consider the … following influences on the currency choice when issuing foreign currency denominated debt: the microeconomic characteristics of … addition to cost minimisation, hedging motives and the desire to establish an investor base influences the choice of currency …

economy. The measure of a currency’s global role is based on the size and stage of development of the underlying economy, as … currency. The paper applies the concept to 22 currencies of advanced and emerging economies. The results confirm the well … measure in detail, arguing that in view of financial globalisation, an indicator based on currency shares in the international …