We review the competing explanations of the 2007-2008 global crisis, recall how governments around the world had to depart from established policy stances, and reflect on the legacy of the crisis both in terms of future challenges and changes in policy doctrine. The G-20 has addressed important...

There is some evidence that interdependencies among European banks have increased over the past 15 years and that the potential of systemic risks in banking has shifted from a national level to a European level. / Whereas wholesale financial markets are considered to be highly integrated within...

Von der Aufnahme der neuen Mitglieder in die Europäische Union wird ab 2006 auch der Rat der Europäischen Zentralbank betroffen sein. Wie sollte sich die Mitgliederzunahme im EZB-Rat widerspiegeln? Welche Reformmodelle für die Abstimmungsregeln werden diskutiert? Wie sind diese Modelle zu...

This paper aims to show that the fiscal and monetary counter-cyclical actions implemented by Brazilian government after the financial crisis were frugal: the monetary policy was late and slowly slackened and the fiscal policy sustain a primary surplus budget, in the opposite direction of much...

The response in 2008-09 to the global financial crisis was in many ways a high water mark for transatlantic policy coordination. The major economies of the EU and the US rapidly agreed on a series of measures to limit the crisis. However, the common approach has since unraveled. This paper...

The European Central Bank has assigned a special role to money in its two pillar strategy and has received much criticism for this decision. In this paper, we explore possible justifications. The case against including money in the central bank's interest rate rule is based on a standard model...