the primary patent covering an innovation and whether the innovating firm's licenses its innovation or raises external … finance at certain stages of the firm/product's development, and thereby enable the firm to delay licensing, obtaining patent … effects from the empirical analysis, the theory suggests that patent filing may act as a signal to financial investors that …

fluorinatedgreenhouse gas emissions. Using patents as an indicator of innovations and patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows the … across patent applicant- and firm-types is analyzed. We find that most environmental patents originate from Germany and the …

. Using a binary size measure, we find strong support for the traditional view that firms patent their most important …

financial information and patent data for public limited companies in Europe as well as country level variables, we apply a …

patent applications as a technology diffusion channel. Considering the relationship between research and productivity …, international patent pattern reflects the link between the source (R&D) and the use (IFP). To estimate patent related spillover … and cointegration and to obtain reliable coefficients. I find that patent related foreign R&D spillover effects are …

competition towards competition based on technical inventions, a worldwide surge in patenting took place, and the ?patent thicket …