Many countries remain far from achieving gender equality in the classroom. Using data from 126 countries, we … characterize the evolution of gender gaps in low- and middle-income countries between 1960 and 2010. We document five facts. First …, gender gaps widened as more boys went to school, then narrowed as girls enrolled; thus, gender gaps got worse before they got …

course. It can join up data on aspects of a person’s life, health, education, family, and employment and show how these …

between children of rich and poor parents remain as high in Nordic countries as elsewhere in Europe. One explanation for this … investments in children contribute to a levelled playing field and promote social mobility. However, gaps in learning outcomes … paradox is that the equalizing impacts of public investments are undone by parental investments in children of rich and poor …

parents. In contrast, children with poorly educated parents as well as children with highly educated parents perform worse in … municipalities. Our results point to a beneficial effect of income inequality on school performance for children with middle educated … the upward mobility of disadvantaged children cannot be confirmed. …

during childhood using data from a longitudinal study, the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, starting at birth. Our work … characteristics of children. Third, we examine the skill development for girls and boys separately, as well as for children who were …