Voluntary agreements in various forms are being increasingly regarded as an instrument to substitute or complement regulating and pricing instruments. As, from a theoretical point of view, this instrument has strong proponents and opponents, it is important to make a careful analysis of the...

Ergänzend zu den im ifo Schnelldienst 3/2006 veröffentlichten Beiträgen gehen Eberhard Jochem, ETH Zürich, und Harald Bradke, Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung, davon aus, dass Versorgungssicherheit durch Ausnutzung von Effizienzpotentialen zu erreichen sei. Ihrer...

The paper first outlines the challenges the global energy system is facing. It then summarises the present knowledge of energy efficient solutions in all energy using sectors from primary energy to useful energy and, more importantly, from useful energy to energy services (material efficiency...

The energy demand and supply projections of the Swiss government funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy and carried out by a consortium of institutes and consulting companies are based on two types of energy models: macroeconomic general equilibrium models and bottom-up models for each...