This paper generalises a classical theorem on the minimisation of the ratio of two quadratic forms so as to permit the denominator to be nonnegative definite, provides a modified formula for the minimum variance ratio estimation including the limited information maximum likelihood, and...

We develop a model of international trade with increasing returns to scale by taking into account the possibility of cooperation among agents in an egalitarian economy. It is shown that each country gains from trade in a trading world in which there are arbitrary numbers of...