United Kingdom and Sweden under the Gold Standard: under stable monetary regimes with clearly defined nominal anchors …

The emergence of the gold standard has for a long time been viewed as inevitable. Fluctuations of the gold … analyze agents' expectations between 1860 and 1890. The intuition is that the spread between gold and silver bonds issued by … requiring a premium to hold silver bonds indicating their belief that gold would eventually become the only metallic standard. …

them to mutualise their gold reserves in emergency situations. Gold reserve sharing was especially important in response to … union. But fortunes could change quickly, with emergency recipients of gold turning into providers. Because regional …

moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of … writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist attacks, and all have reported extremist encroachment and recent … flows could be equivalent to between 1.3% (Ghana) and nearly 5% (Senegal) of GDP. Another pathway is through 'conflict …

Gold Standard and during the Interwar period. We interpret this as evidence for Gold Standard mentality: the expectation …

In this study of Ghana integrated to the world economy, we focus primarily on Ghana-UK-Germany trade axis partly … because of Ghana's relative dependence on the EU for her international trade. The study employs „representative“ country … the EU in particular influence Ghana's policy goals of GDP and bilateral export growth, the nominal current account and …