This background paper describes in detail the assumptions and calculations behind the results presented in Zsolt Darvas, Jean Pisani-Ferry and André Sapir 'A comprehensive approach to the euro-area debt crisis', Bruegel Policy Brief No 2011/02, February 2011. An assessment of the results and...

The euro area's sovereign debt crisis continues though significant steps have been taken to resolve it. This paper proposes a comprehensive solution to the crisis based on three pillars: a plan to restore banking sector soundness in the whole euro area, a resolution of sovereign debt crisis...

Im Jahr 2000 konnte das hohe Wachstumstempo des Vorjahres nur noch im ersten Quartal gehalten werden. Die reale Bruttoinlandsproduktion expandierte aber dank des hohen Überhangs zu Jahresbeginn noch um 4,1 %. Die Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt verbesserte sich weiter. Die Arbeitslosenquote ging im...

Was Spanish fiscal policy destabilizing? We estimate policy reaction functions and test the impact of fiscal shocks on growth volatility over the period 19501998. We find that a transition from pro-cyclical to countercyclical fiscal policy occurred in the late years of the Franco regime,...

The Ingreso Mínimo Vital (Minimum Vital Income), Spain's nationwide minimum income scheme introduced in 2020, offers beneficiaries a unique national guaranteed income as a last-resort benefit. However, the scheme's design featured a lack of work incentives for low earners, potentially leading...

Early Modern historians have long been fascinated by the mercantile world of the late medieval and early modern periods. The reason for their fascination can be ascribed to the wealth, cosmopolitism, social capital and political clout that many of these merchants (mostly men) projected onto...

During the early modern age, shaping the mechanisms and guarantees of financial and commercial transactions was the basis for the expansion of commercial markets: the beginning of market globalization was due not only to the discovery of a new continent and new trade routes, but also to the...

This essay proposes a preliminary approach to some documents in Italian and Hebrew at the Datini archive. Illustrative cases of what we might call the archaeology of paper, Arnau del Vilar's two manuscript bills and Abram Desforn's letter had lain ensconced in Prato for more than 600 years, and...