managers do not receive higher pay all else equal, which implies that middle management ability is not fully tradable. …We study the impact of and reward to middle management ability using data from 245 stores of a nationwide retailer. The … company scores six broad areas of management practice, the most important of which turns out to be commercial awareness, where …

, and Malaysian managers. While German students play Nash, we reject the hypothesis that both Malaysian students and … managers select the Nash quantity. Moreover, Malaysian managers perform significantly less competitively than Malaysian …

experiments, using both students and managers as subjects. Communication is implemented by two different devices, a 'standardized … triopoly. Moreover, managers behave in a similar way under the two communication devices, while students are more influenced by … the free-communication than by the standardized-communication device. In addition, managers select lower aggregate …

We examine the relationship between the employment and compensation of managers and CEOs and the presence of a … monitoring, which requires more managers. The model also assumes rent sharing between workers, managers and the owners of the … firm. Unions, by redistributing rents towards the workers, lead to lower employment and lower pay for managers. Using a …