In most modern democracies elected officials can work in the private sector while appointed in parliament. We show that … officials and the effort they exert in political life. If high-ability citizens can keep earning money outside of parliament …. These predictions are confronted with a unique dataset about members of the Italian Parliament from 1996 to 2006. The …

politicians' rents than proportional representation. We test these predictions using micro data for the mixed-member Italian House …

We analyze the effect of the introduction of gender quotas in candidate lists on the quality of elected politicians. We … a Difference in Differences estimation to analyze the effect of gender quotas on the quality of elected politicians. We … find that gender quotas are associated with a higher average number of years of schooling of elected politicians, with the …

We develop a model that nests previous explanations for women under-representation in positions of power. Focusing on …-control, before-and-after discontinuity design to learn about the impact of female politicians in local elections. Our evidence is …

Theories in political economy depend critically on assumptions about motivations of politicians. Our analysis starts … from the premise that politicians, like other economic agents, are rational individuals who make career decisions by … wage or the imposition of term limits would affect the career decisions of politicians and the returns to a career in …

This paper studies whether the degree of women's representation in Swedish local councils affects local public … effects of women's representation on spending. The subsequent panel study on the composition of public spending in Swedish …