When did Germany become economically integrated? Within the framework of a gravity model, based on a new data set of … about 40,000 observations on trade flows within and across the borders of Germany over the period 1885-1933, I explore the … internal fragmentation resulted from cultural heterogeneity, from administrative borders within Germany, and from geographical …

further thought in several areas of pre- and post unification aspects by deriving inspiration from Germany's historical … experience. The pre-unification phase and, specifically, the post-unification experience in Germany are of value to both Koreas …

to East Germany in 1989 experience a persistent rise in their personal incomes after the fall of the Berlin Wall … within a given West German region invest in East Germany. As a result, West German regions which (for idiosyncratic reasons … capita in the early 1990s. A one standard deviation rise in the share of households with social ties to East Germany in 1989 …

Erwerbstätigen haben den überwiegenden Teil ihrer beruflichen Laufbahn im vereinigten Deutschland verbracht. Entsprechend zeigt bei …

In Germany there is a political consensus that the economic and fiscal burden of the German reunification should be …

Eastern Germany's recovery from the ?unification shock? has been characterized by deep structural change – with …