Europe can no longer rely on the United States for its defence but is currently lacking essential capabilities to assure security itself. European countries should not give up on NATO but seek to close capability gaps by developing the European defence industrial base. The EU can play an...

The Russian attack on Ukraine has brought the question of the German Armed Forces' operational capability back into focus. National defense, which seemed to play only a minor role with the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union in 1991, now has gained a...

COVID-19 hat eine globale Wirtschaftskrise ausgelöst. Diese belastet Staatshaushalte und erhöht den politischen Druck auf globale Verteidigungsausgaben. Transnationale Lieferketten, die auf umfangreichen Transportkapazitäten und reibungslosem Warenverkehr beruhen, zeigten in dieser Krise ihre...

Various options are being discussed to increase Germany's defense capabilities. Increasing the size of the Bundeswehr is proving difficult, and compulsory military service hardly seems feasible for economic and socio-political reasons. A European army and technological alternatives such as...

The reduction in defense spending, often referred to as the “peace dividend,” from 2.7 % to 2.8 % of Germany’s GDP in the late 1980s to just 1.2 % of GDP by the end of the 2010s, has led to a near-complete loss of defense capability over more than 30 years. Given the current global...

The essay examines the contribution provided by Piero, Roberto and Leone Strozzi - sons of the wealthy Florentine banker Filippo Strozzi - to the French war effort in the last two decades of the Ital- ian Wars. A contribution based on their military and diplomatic skills and on the availability...

Collective contests are examined permitting heterogeneity of stakes within every competing group. Our first concern is whether unequal distribution of stakes in a group can enhance its win probability. Our second concern is whether a large stake in a group can be individually disadvantageous. We...