The relationship between per capita income and a number of pollution indicators has been found to display an inverted U …-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given …. Using cross section data for several indicators of pollution, the paper estimates the direct and the indirect effect of …

potential explana- tion of an N-shaped pollution-income relation. Finally, it is shown that the model is compatible with most …

trade within Asia while reducing trade outside. Adopting them would shift employment from energy and mining to manufacturing …

equitable society that provides opportunities for all. Developing Asia has trailed other parts of the world in equity …

Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once pollution problems become too severe, regulation is introduced … and decline of pollution can be explained by policyinduced technology shifts. …