examines the influence of bilateral trade on pollution in rivers that cross international borders. In equations with country … fixed effects, the paper finds evidence of lower water pollution in rivers shared between countries with more extensive …

potential explana- tion of an N-shaped pollution-income relation. Finally, it is shown that the model is compatible with most …

The relationship between per capita income and a number of pollution indicators has been found to display an inverted U …-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given …. Using cross section data for several indicators of pollution, the paper estimates the direct and the indirect effect of …

A number of recent papers have found that certain measures of pollution worsen and later improve as income per head … political system. In this paper we find that, for a number of pollution variables, an increase in civil and political freedoms … significantly improves environmental quality. For other pollution variables, however, we find that freedoms have no effect. The …

Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS), it compares pollution levels in international and domestic rivers. The results suggest that … free riding may substantially increase pollution in international rivers, but the estimates are sensitive to the inclusion …

technology effects. Each firm produces one good sold on the market. The production process generates pollution characterized by a … common market help non-cooperating countries to internalize transboundary pollution more efficiently. Consequently, in most … cases, when the positive externality increases, the levels of R&D and production increase while pollution decreases …

In most models of transboundary pollution, lack of international cooperation does not cause any inefficiency within … precisely, when there is no cooperation on how to handle transboundary pollution, it is individually rational for each country …