Although urban economics theory predicts that households with higher incomes have different commuting time patterns than low income households, the direction of the effect is ambiguous. From a "value of time” perspective, one can argue that high income households may have shorter commuting...

In this paper, we derive a structural model for commuting speed. We presumethat commuting speed is chosen to minimise commuting costs, which encompass bothmonetary and time costs. At faster speed levels, the monetary costs increase, but the timecosts fall. Using data from Great Britain, we...