. We study the conditions under which a state of law can be implemented under oligarchy, and when democratization is … necessary. Inequality in endowments and incomes prolongs the absence of good institutions and delays democratization. Conversely …

allows the elite to make credible commitments of future income redistribution in favor of the citizens, while a limited … aftermath of major wars. Motivated by this fact, we offer a theory of political transitions which focuses on the impact of … an oligarchy adopting a mass-army may voluntarily decide to promise some amount of income redistribution to its citizens …

simple model of transition and democratization is presented wherein we show that the effectiveness of repression by the … incumbent elite is a negative function of the distance to the free world. In consequence, there are conflicting effects of … country to start a transition process towards democratization is not necessarily the one nearest to the free world. …

We study the role of trade liberalization, democratization and their interaction for technology adoption. A general … equilibrium theory with heterogeneous skills predicts a complementarity between trade and political regimes. Openness should … accelerate technology adoption if coupled with democratization but may lead to a slow down if these regime changes are imbalanced …

Die internationale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit verfolgt zwei Ziele: Armutsreduzierung und Demokratisierung. Auf der … weniger Demokratisierung – und umgekehrt. Dieser Trade-Off lässt sich auflösen, wenn es gelingt, bei diktatorischen Regimes … democratization. Using a rational choice approach to non-democratic regimes, this paper argues that there is a trade-off between these …

negotiation processes as well as the conditions and parameters on which the scope and limits of fiscal redistribution in EMU …

processes as well as the conditions and parameters on which the scope and limits of fiscal redistribution in EMU depends. In …