Technical industrial clusters are defined and analyzed for a sample of U.S. metropolitan regions. Economic structure, spatial proximity and shape of the clusters are examined across the metropolitan regions through various economic and spatial measures and statistics. The data for this research...

The present complexity approach is based on two assumptions: A1: measurability of deviations of outcomes with respect to reference values; A2 : extension of A1 to multi-set analysis. Complexity is then defined in terms of multi-set deviation compared to single-set ones; an interpretation is...