subjects may exit. In a simple model, both kinds of competition are substitutes. Internal competition (democracy) benefits … democracy, and rulers are less eager to oppose it, when external competition is high. In a panel of countries, there are fewer … changes towards democracy when states have low GDP relative to their neighbours. …

pluralistischen Demokratie auseinander. Unser Ziel ist es, den Stand der Forschung zum Umgang der räumlichen Planung mit Konflikten …This paper deals with planning conflicts in the pluralistic democracy, based on an international literature review … spatial planning are presented. The collaborative planning paradigm, which appears hegemonic in planning theory and practice …

dimensions of democracy, namely constitutionality and inclusiveness. The most consistent correlates of the existence of each of … conflict-related variables. There is no significant association between any measure of democracy and the existence of these …

. In most cases, the normative and empirical discussion so far has considered e‑democracy tools and their potential … differentiated way, examining under which spatial conditions e‑democracy is more likely to incentivize citizens to engage and to … a new element for a better theoretical understanding of e‑democracy. We establish a conceptual framework that enables us …