Under most U.S. environmental regulations, the federal government shares responsibility with the states by authorizing them to implement and enforce federal policies. Authorization provides states with considerable discretion over the effects of regulation and is perhaps the most significant...

Der zwischen Deutschland und Pakistan 1959 geschlossene Investitionsschutzvertrag gilt gemeinhin als Meilenstein in der Entwicklung des völkerrechtlichen Investitionsschutzes. Als erster bilateral investment treaty (BIT) ist er in das kollektive Gedächtnis eingegangen. In unserem vorliegenden...

In this paper, we take up the question why a group of sovereign countries is willing to form a federation even if residents of the high-income region suspect potential immigrants to be net beneficiaries of the tax and transfer system. We argue that income uncertainty alone cannot satisfactorily...

This paper investigates how the abolishment of a ban on tuition fees affects the quality of higher education with centralized and decentralized decision making. It is shown that tuition fees fully crowd public funds under centralization and quality of university education does not improve....