State-controlled banks are currently at the core of financial intermediation in Russia. This paper aims to assess the … magnitude of government banking, and to reveal some of its special features and arrangements. We distinguish between directly … Russia in the same league with China and India and widening the gap from typical European emerging markets. We show that …

-friendly governments were voted out of office, the new governments in Poland never reversed reforms undertaken by the previous government … Poland's economy has been outstanding if we take GDP growth as our measure. It is not specific reforms that can explain this …

abilities of the relevant country. In Poland, during 20 years of comprehensive systemic shift, GDP increased more than in any … competitiveness or in growth in terms of quantity, but also social and cultural aspects should be taken into account. In Poland, there … theories. Poland's transformation can be seen as a success, but only to the extent of achieving two-thirds of its potential. …

above average. The software industry is a young and dynamically growing one everywhere, and Poland is no exception …. Companies in the industry tend to be young and very small. In Poland, they are very focused on the domestic market and play the …

This study surveys the current state of affairs in Poland with regard to the development of knowledge …&D) intensively. We place KIE in Poland in the larger institutional context, outlining the key features of the country's National …-based economy development in Poland. We observe significant progress due to Polish access to the European Union. The frequency with …

for the future. The study starts with a much discussed question: why Russia did worse economically during transition than …

in the former Soviet Republics of Russia and Ukraine. Analyzing interfirm reallocation of output, labor, capital, and an … input index with annual industrial census data from 1985 to 2001, we find that Soviet Russia displayed low reallocation …

in the re-employment hazard in Russia, with a period of positive duration dependence in the first 7 months, followed by a …