Using the results of a survey on accepted means of payment, the authors examine merchant preferences and perceptions of retail payment reliability, risk, and costs; the share of each type of payment method over total sales; and the costs involved in accepting payments. Models are developed for...

Angesichts einer drohenden Veränderung des Weltklimas wurde die Notwendigkeit erkannt, den Ausstoß klimarelevanter Spurengase, insbesondere CO2, zu reduzieren. Ein Weg dazu könnte in der Substitution von Energieträgern bestehen, wobei sich der Elektrizitätserzeugungssektor als größter...

At present, oil markets appear to be behaving in a fashion similar to that in the late 1970s and early 1980s when oil prices rose sharply over an extended period. Furthermore, like at that time, analysts are split on whether such increases will persist or reverse, and if so by how much. The...

The paper considers a neo-classical model set in the cost function approach to estimate primary energy factor demands for the Italian economy, using a translog cost function specification. Cointegration theory is employed to estimate the long-run factor share model, and the general to specific...

The paper considers a SUTSE model embedded in a dynamic framework to estimate an energy cost share model for the Italian economy in an evolutionary environment. This is achieved by allowing stochastic seasonal and trend components in the long-run specification and constructing an error...

Although the economic effects of CO2 abatement depend substantially on the degree to which capital and labor can substitute for energy, the issue of energy-capital-labor substitution is surrounded by considerable uncertainty. In this paper we use econometrically estimated, sectorally...

This paper applies an economic model of climate change that is based on endogenous substitution of energy resources to determine the effect of advances in renewable technology on aggregate and sectoral fossil fuel use and energy prices. It uses a Nordhaus type partial equilibrium model of the...

Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economyenvironment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of...

Fear for oil exhaustion and its consequences on economic growth has been a driver of a rich literature on exhaustible resources from the 1970s onwards. But our view on oil has remarkably changed and we now worry how we should constrain climate change damages associated with oil and other fossil...

Estimating the degree of substitution between energy and non-energy inputs is key for any evaluation of environmental and energy policies. Yet, given the large variety of substitution elasticities, the central question arises as to which measure would be most appropriate. Apparently, ALLEN's...